Environmental health refers to the area of public health that aims to identify environmental hazards and examine how they are shaped by physical, chemical, biological, social, and structural factors. These hazards can be evaluated at the global scale (e.g., climate change) as well as from regional …
Epigenetics
Epigenetics is a fast-growing field in biology that originally aimed to understand the phenotypic expression of the genotype. Today, epigenetics covers from the study of mechanisms of gene expression regulation during the development of complex organisms, to the study of phenotypic alterations …
Toxicology
Human activities over the past several centuries have not only profoundly modified the physical environment that we live in, but also the chemical environment, such that many chemical toxins are now ubiquitous throughout the Earth’s biosphere. Toxicology is the study of how exposure to …
